A comparative study on root and bark extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus and their effects on human macrophages 

The purpose this 2020 review was to chemically characterize E. senticosus root and bark extracts and to compare their effects on functions of human primary macrophages. The ability of E. senticosus root and bark extracts to promote polarization of human macrophages towards anti-inflammatory M2a and M2b phenotypes, respectively, might underlay the immunoregulatory activities and point to potential wound healing promoting effects of this medicinal plant. 

References:

Jin L, Schmiech M, El Gaafary M, Zhang X, Syrovets T, Simmet T. A comparative study on root and bark extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus and their effects on human macrophages. Phytomedicine. 2020 Mar;68:153181. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153181. Epub 2020 Feb 6. PMID: 32065954. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32065954/